Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: Mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes, combined together, under the name of MELAS syndrome, constitute one of the mitochondrial genetic diseases with dominant progressive neurodegenerative symptoms. Although nervous system involvement is often the first manifestation of the disease, during the course of the disorder, patient can develop a wide spectrum of endocrine disorders ranging from GH deficiency and hypoparathyroi...

Introduction: Insulinoma is a rare form of a functional neuroendocrine tumor with an estimated incidence at 1–2 new cases per million persons per year. This infrequent endocrinopathy, frequently escaping standard disease course, constitutes a diagnostic challenge for every endocrinologist. Successful surgical resection of the lesion is the only available method that ensures patient’s full recovery.Case study: 53 years old patient with complaint...

Introduction: Calcium ions (Ca2+) play an essential role in process of correct β-cell insulin secretion. Hypocalcemia impairs insulin secretion leading to glucose metabolism disorders and insulin resistance.Case study: 62 -year old female patient with 18 years history of type 2 diabetes, treated with insulin, suspected of hypoparathyroidism, was admitted to the Department and Clinic of Endocrinology, Medical University of Lublin because o...

Introduction: Pituitary apoplexy is a rare endocrine disorder which can occur due to haemorrhage into pituitary gland. It is often associated with the presence of pituitary adenoma, uncommonly being the first clinical manifestation of an underlying tumour. It can cause hypopituitarism and diabetes insipidus. Pituitary adenomas are classified by their secretion properties as functional and clinically non-functioning, the latter, however, can exhibit positive immunostaining for ...

Introduction: Adrenal medullary hyperplasia (AMH) is a rare syndrome of catecholamine excess. Adrenal overgrowth is usually bilateral. Due to similar clinical signs, laboratory results and radiological adrenal picture, AMH can be misdiagnosed as pheochromocytoma. The only method that allows determining a proper diagnosis of AMH is pathologic examination. It is regarded as a precursor of pheochromocytoma and has been reported as a component of MEN2.Aim: T...

Introduction: Type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis (AIT2), resulting from the release of thyroid hormones, is a rarer form of side effect of this drug. Treatment of thyrotoxicosis in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) is difficult because hemodialysis alters renal clearance of drugs and iodine, may impact the results of assessment and treatment and can increase the medical instability of patients.Aim: The aim was to present the difficulties...

Introduction: Phaeochromocytomas are mostly benign tumours with origin from chromaffin tissue of adrenal glands, whereas paragangliomas aretumours located along the sympathetic or/and the parasympathetic chain. Generally they are quite rare neoplasms with ability of producing, storing and secreting of catecholamines. Predominatingly they are sporadic, but in some cases they may develop in progress of particular genetic syndromes, such as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (ME...

Introduction: Hypopituitarism can be caused by a number of different etiologic factors including metastatic cancer. Metastasis to the pituitary gland is rare, accounting for only 1.8% of all metastases, and is often detected incidentally by symptoms associated with hormone dysfunction like hyponatremia. Breast and lung cancer are the primary neoplasms with well established properties of pituitary infiltration. Metastases from gastric cancer are unusual and constitute less than...